# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic fibers to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick absorption of menstrual fluid. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft to the touch.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene (PE) Films**: These are waterproof and provide an effective barrier against leaks. They are also flexible and comfortable.
– **Breathable Microporous Films**: These films allow air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrances and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these are optional and may not be suitable for all users, especially those with sensitive skin.

– **Fragrances**: Used to provide a pleasant scent, but can sometimes cause irritation or allergic reactions.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: These natural additives are sometimes included to soothe the skin and reduce irritation.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to ensure they meet the needs of comfort, absorbency, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component plays a vital role in the overall performance of the product. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and ensures that manufacturers maintain high standards of quality and safety.